oropharyngeal cancers

Oropharyngeal cancer is an uncommon type of cancer that affects the throat, tonsils and base of the tongue. It is the 6th most common type of cancer worldwide and is divided into two main types: squamous cell carcinoma, which is the most common, and non-squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer include tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and exposure to certain toxins. It is more common in men than women, in those over 50 years of age, and in those with a family history of the disease. Symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer may include a lump or sore in the throat that does not go away, difficulty swallowing, pain in the throat or ears, neck pain, and voice changes. It is important to see a doctor if you experience any of these symptoms. Diagnosis for oropharyngeal cancer is typically done with a physical exam and biopsy. Imaging tests such as x-rays and CT scans may also be used. Treatment options vary depending on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. It is important to take steps to reduce your risk of oropharyngeal cancer. Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption can help. Practicing good oral hygiene and getting regular dental check-ups can also help. Vaccination against HPV is recommended for those at high risk.