Cementum

Cement is a specialized type of tissue found in teeth which covers the root surfaces of teeth and is responsible for attaching the periodontal ligament to the root surface. It is a thin layer of mineralized tissue that covers the entire root surface of a tooth, which helps to anchor the periodontal ligament and hold the tooth in its socket. Cementum is formed by cells called cementoblasts, which are derived from the periodontal ligament. The composition of cementum is similar to that of bone, consisting of collagen fibers, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. Unlike bone, cementum does not contain osteoblasts, the cells responsible for forming bone. Cementum is much softer than enamel or dentin and is covered by a thin layer of acellular cementum to protect it from wear and tear. Cementum is important for the health of the periodontium, or soft tissue surrounding the tooth. It helps to provide stability to the tooth and acts as a medium for the attachment of the periodontal ligament to the root surface. Without cementum, the periodontal ligament would not be able to attach to the root surface and the tooth would become loose and eventually fall out. Cementum is also important for the maintenance of proper occlusion. The cementum layer helps to evenly distribute the forces from the opposing teeth, which helps to maintain the health of the periodontium by preventing excessive force from being placed on any one area. When a tooth becomes misaligned, the cementum layer can become damaged, resulting in an increase in force on the periodontium and leading to periodontal disease. In addition to its role in the periodontium, cementum also plays an important role in endodontic therapy. When performing a root canal, the cementum needs to be removed in order to access the pulp chamber and root canals. Without the removal of the cementum, the root canal procedure would not be possible. Overall, cementum is an important component of the periodontium and is essential for normal functioning of the teeth. Without cementum, the periodontal ligament would not be able to attach to the root surface and the tooth would become loose and eventually fall out. It also plays an important role in endodontic therapy and is essential for proper occlusion.