Title: Assessment of microbiota concomitant in oral cavity in order to increase awareness of the impact of infectious factors is needed to reduce the risk to human health
Abstract:
Introduction and objective: Human oral cavity with diverse conditions of specialized surfaces of hard and soft structures is dynamic environment, complex morphologically and functionally. Some components of the mouth microbiome forming a multilayer biofilm can be potential cause of the human health complications. Interrelations between intraoral microbiome species and human organism are poorly known, still requiring quality research. In this study, oral cavity status and components of oral microbiome of individuals from two population groups was evaluated in terms of threats to human health with risk factors for local/general infections.
Material and methods: The study pertained to data of twenty two 16-26 years old and twenty two 42-52 years-old patients. Oral health status and data from light microscopic examination of intraoral swabs were evaluated as well as in vitro culture techniques were applied for parasitological, bacteriological and mycological assessment.
Results: Clinical comparative examination of oral cavity condition showed some changes in periodontal and gingival tissues, a presence of inflammatory processes and the tooth decay. Different microorganisms occurred in oral cavity, including not resident species. Parasitic flagellates Trichomonas tenax, free-living facultative parasitic strains of Acanthamoeba spp, opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria including endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba, yeast-like fungi of Candida albicans group were identified with various frequency in different regions of oral cavity. In both age groups, opportunistic or pathogenic strains Gram-positive bacteria staphylococci: Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus, the faecal bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium were found. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli occurred in oral cavities of both patients’ groups. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. were found in older patients. Free-living Acanthamoeba spp. can enter human body, multiply therein and exist as parasites, causative agents of the vision-threatening corneal infection Acanthamoeba keratitis. The amfizoic strains with extremely resistant cysts are a challenge in terms of the diagnosis, treatment, transmision of pathogenic endosymbi¬onts and limited prevention due to their common occurrence in different habitats.
Conclusion: This study has shown that various species of microbiota can coexist intraorally and may pose severe threat that should be taken into consideration as infectious factors. The results of this study show the need to expand knowledge on the diversity of human oral microbiome and a greater awareness of the importance of this medical problem.
Examination of microbiome components as potentially contagious, identification/monitoring/assessment of concomitant species, preventive elimination of the infectious strains during the treatment should be taken into consideration. Further quality research of the intraoral microbiome species that may pose severe local/general diseases are needed to reduce the risk to human health.
